PLANET DATA REFERENCE
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Introduction
Here’s a helpful compilation of data points for planets on our solar system.
MERCURY
- Mass 1024kg = 0.3302
- Volume 1010km3= 6.083
- Mean Radius km = 2,440
- Surface gravity (g) ms-2 = 3.7
- Number of Moons = 0
- Distance from Sun (semi-major axis) 106km = 57.8
- Min distance from sun (perihelion) 106km = 46.0
- Max distance from sun (aphelion) 106km = 69.8
- Eccentricity = 0.21
- Inclination of rotation to orbit = 0.01°
- Length of “Day”(Rotation period) hrs = 4,223
- Length of “Year” (Orbital period) days = 87.969
- Discoverer = Unknown
- Atmosphere Pressure bar = 10-15
- Atmosphere Composition = O2, Na, H2
- Average Temperature °C = 167
VENUS
- Mass 1024kg = 4.8685
- Volume 1010km3= 92.843
- Mean Radius km = 6,052
- Surface gravity (g) ms-2 = 8.9
- Number of Moons = 0
- Distance from Sun (semi-major axis) 106km = 108.2
- Min distance from sun (perihelion) 106km = 107.5
- Max distance from sun (aphelion) 106km = 108.9
- Eccentricity = 0.0067
- Inclination of rotation to orbit = 177.36°
- Length of “Day”(Rotation period) hrs = 2,802
- Length of “Year” (Orbital period) days = 224.701
- Discoverer = Unknown
- Atmosphere Pressure bar = 92
- Atmosphere Composition = CO2, N2
- Average Temperature °C = 464
EARTH
- Mass 1024kg = 5.974
- Volume 1010km3= 108.321
- Mean Radius km = 6,371
- Surface gravity (g) ms-2 = 9.8
- Number of Moons = 1
- Distance from Sun (semi-major axis) 106km = 149.6
- Min distance from sun (perihelion) 106km = 147.1
- Max distance from sun (aphelion) 106km = 152.1
- Eccentricity = 0.017
- Inclination of rotation to orbit = 23.45°
- Length of “Day”(Rotation period) hrs = 24.0
- Length of “Year” (Orbital period) days = 365.256
- Discoverer = Erm…
- Atmosphere Pressure bar = 1
- Atmosphere Composition = N22
- Average Temperature °C = 15
MARS
- Mass 1024kg = 0.6419
- Volume 1010km3= 16.318
- Mean Radius km = 3,370
- Surface gravity (g) ms-2 = 3.2
- Number of Moons = 2
- Distance from Sun (semi-major axis) 106km = 227.9
- Min distance from sun (perihelion) 106km = 206.6
- Max distance from sun (aphelion) 106km = 249.2
- Eccentricity = 0.094
- Inclination of rotation to orbit = 25.19°
- Length of “Day”(Rotation period) hrs = 24.7
- Length of “Year” (Orbital period) days = 686.980
- Discoverer = Unknown
- Atmosphere Pressure bar = 0.006
- Atmosphere Composition = CO2, N2
- Average Temperature °C = -63
JUPITER
- Mass 1024kg = 1,898.6
- Volume 1010km3= 143,128
- Mean Radius km = 69,911
- Surface gravity (g) ms-2 = 24.8
- Number of Moons = 63
- Distance from Sun (semi-major axis) 106km = 778.6
- Min distance from sun (perihelion) 106km = 740.5
- Max distance from sun (aphelion) 106km = 816.6
- Eccentricity = 0.049
- Inclination of rotation to orbit = 3.13°
- Length of “Day”(Rotation period) hrs = 9.9
- Length of “Year” (Orbital period) days = 4,332.589
- Discoverer = Unknown
- Atmosphere Pressure bar = >>1000
- Atmosphere Composition = H2, He
- Average Temperature °C = -108
SATURN
- Mass 1024kg = 468.46
- Volume 1010km3= 82,713
- Mean Radius km =58,232
- Surface gravity (g) ms-2 = 10.4
- Number of Moons = 33
- Distance from Sun (semi-major axis) 106km = 1,443.5
- Min distance from sun (perihelion) 106km = 1,352.6
- Max distance from sun (aphelion) 106km = 1,514.5
- Eccentricity = 0.049
- Inclination of rotation to orbit = 3.13°
- Length of “Day”(Rotation period) hrs = 9.9
- Length of “Year” (Orbital period) days = 4,332.589
- Discoverer = Unknown
- Atmosphere Pressure bar = >>1000
- Atmosphere Composition = H2, He
- Average Temperature °C = -108
URANUS
- Mass 1024kg = 86.83
- Volume 1010km3= 6,833
- Mean Radius km = 25,362
- Surface gravity (g) ms-2 = 8.9
- Number of Moons = 29
- Distance from Sun (semi-major axis) 106km = 2,872.5
- Min distance from sun (perihelion) 106km = 2,741.3
- Max distance from sun (aphelion) 106km = 3003.6
- Eccentricity = 0.046
- Inclination of rotation to orbit = 97.77°
- Length of “Day”(Rotation period) hrs = 17.2
- Length of “Year” (Orbital period) days = 30,685.4
- Discoverer = William Herschel
(1781) - Atmosphere Pressure bar = >>1000
- Atmosphere Composition = H2, He
- Average Temperature °C = -197
NEPTUNE
- Mass 1024kg = 102.43
- Volume 1010km3= 6,254
- Mean Radius km = 24,624
- Surface gravity (g) ms-2 = 11.2
- Number of Moons = 13
- Distance from Sun (semi-major axis) 106km = 4,495.1
- Min distance from sun (perihelion) 106km = 4,444.5
- Max distance from sun (aphelion) 106km = 4,545.7
- Eccentricity = 0.011
- Inclination of rotation to orbit = 28.32°
- Length of “Day”(Rotation period) hrs = 16.1
- Length of “Year” (Orbital period) days = 60,189
- Discoverer = Johann Galle (1846)
- Atmosphere Pressure bar = >>1000
- Atmosphere Composition = H2, He
- Average Temperature °C = -201
Pluto
- Mass 1024kg = 0.0125
- Volume 1010km3= 0.0125
- Mean Radius km = 0.715
- Surface gravity (g) ms-2 = 0.58
- Number of Moons = 1
- Distance from Sun (semi-major axis) 106km = 5,869.7
- Min distance from sun (perihelion) 106km = 4,435.0
- Max distance from sun (aphelion) 106km = 7,304.3
- Eccentricity = 0.024
- Inclination of rotation to orbit = 122.55°
- Length of “Day”(Rotation period) hrs = 153.3
- Length of “Year” (Orbital period) days = 90,465
- Discoverer = Clyde Tombaugh (1930)
- Atmosphere Pressure bar = 10-6
- Atmosphere Composition = CH4, N2
- Average Temperature °C = – 229
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